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King's Orange Rangers
The King's Orange Rangers was a Loyalist battalion of infantry raised in 1776 to defend British interests in the area of Orange County, New York, and more generally in and around the colony of New York, although it saw most of its service in Nova Scotia. The unit's commander was Lt. Col. John Bayard. The King's Orange Rangers (KOR) had an undistinguished history through most of its existence, and saw very limited action, mostly against rebel privateers, but did play an important role in the defense of the colony of Nova Scotia in the later years of the American Revolution. The KOR is especially remembered for its role in the defense of Liverpool, NS.
== Formation ==
In 1776 Sir William Howe accepted an offer from William Bayard of New York to raise a battalion to be called the King's Orange Rangers.〔Winslow Papers A.D. 1776-1826, Greg Press, Boston 1972, cited in ''"King's Orange Rangers"'', John G. Leefe, Liverpool 1996, p 1〕 Rangers were a type of light infantry that had served the British Army during the French and Indian War, although in the event the KOR served as garrison troops for the duration. Bayard, who owned estates in both New York and New Jersey, named one of his sons, John, to be colonel and another, Samuel, to be a captain. Within four months about 200 men had been recruited, and the KOR was put on duty at King's Bridge, at the northern tip of Manhattan Island; however, during the winter the unit suffered much from smallpox "and other disorders in Camp..."〔''"King's Orange Rangers"'', John G. Leefe, Liverpool 1996, p 1〕
Recruiting continued in 1777, with advertisements in the ''New York Gazette'' and the ''Weekly Mercury'' advising that recruits would "receive 40 shillings advance with new cloaths, arms and accoutrements and everything necessary to compleat a gentleman volunteer."〔 The regiment was still well understrength in July, and Col. Alexander Innes, the Inspector General for Provincial Forces reported that he was "sorry to say () are in a wretched state."〔''"King's Orange Rangers"'', John G. Leefe, Liverpool 1996, p 2〕
During the remainder of the year there were several altercations among the officers of the regiment, a state of affairs which recurred throughout the regiment's existence. In March, 1778, Lt. Col. Bayard was charged with murdering one of his own officers, Lt. William Bird. Bayard was tried and found guilty of manslaughter in October, and sentenced to be suspended for three months and then removed from his command. This sentence was overturned on a technicality by the Judge Advocate General,〔''"King's Orange Rangers"'', John G. Leefe, Liverpool 1996, p 3〕 but probably played a role in Bayard's subsequent difficulties in retaining his command. In August, Col. Innes received a letter from Edward Winslow in which he wrote: I have in free conversation suggested my opinion to you that the Corps of King's Orange Rangers is at present in a position peculiarly alarming -- Feuds and dissensions among the Officers -- Mutinies and Desertions among the men...
Whether the present Commandant is not sufficiently experienc'd in military matters? Or whether by any other means there is in officers and men a want of that confidence in him which is essential to order & discipline in a new Corps I know not -- but from the variety of unhappy events which have of late taken place, I apprehend one or the other.
I am sensible that on days of public parade -- such as Inspections and Musters -- there is not a provincial Corps in his Majesty's service more capable of distinguishing itself by a performance of military exercise & maneuvers than this -- nor is there a better body of men.〔''"King's Orange Rangers"'', John G. Leefe, Liverpool 1996, p 4〕
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